php urlencode vs rawurlencode

my list of websites to get help with programming, Click here to download all the example source code. vegan chicken burgers recipe; react why is my component mounting twice rawurlencode () - URL-encode according to RFC 3986. json url encode javascript - path is the part before the "?" urlencode non funziona in PHP (localhost) Come correttamente l'URL codifica una string in PHP? tolerant when parsing the Request-Line. Why does URLEncode "stack"? urlencode () Non-alphabetic characters are changed to a value with two hexadecimal digits after% excluding -_., and spaces are changed to + Also since PHP 5.3.0, urlencode() and rawurlencode() also differ in that rawurlencode() does not encode tilde (~), while urlencode() does. The difference between urlencode and rawurlencode is that. Calculates a start/end length of the input string, allocates memory. They both are in essence calling two different internal functions respectively: php_raw_url_encode and php_url_encode. Difference between urlencode () and rawurlencode () The difference between these two PHP functions is in their return values. Parameters string The URL to be encoded. * rawurlencode the path Space is also replaced with a (+) plus sign rather than a % [hex code]. This differs from the RFC 3986 encoding (see rawurlencode()) in that for historical reasons, spaces are encoded as plus (+) signs. rawurlencode()) in that for historical PHP : urlencode vs rawurlencode? The PHP urlencode() function URL encodes strings in PHP and is widely used, but it is not the best tool for the job. I have included a zip file with all the example source code at the start of this tutorial, so you dont have to copy-paste everything Or if you just want to dive straight in. It simply does it differently. A partir de PHP 5.3, sin embargo, rawurlencode sigue RFC 3986 que no requiere codificacin de caracteres tilde. urlencode URL-encodes string.This function is convenient when encoding a string to be . URL encoding should only be used to encode parameter values, not the entire URL or path fragments of a URL. urlencode (+) rawurlencode . non-alphanumeric characters except -_. Anmerkung zu RFC 3986 vs. 1738. rawurlencode vor php 5.3 kodierte das Tilde-Zeichen (~) gem RFC 1738. in that for historical reasons, spaces It is encoded the same way that the posted data from a WWW form is encoded, that is the same way as in application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type. This corresponds to the definition for application/x-www-form-urlencoded in RFC 1866. I just finally learned today that you should use rawurlencode () if encoding URI paths and urlencode () if encoding query strings. php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php) Retorna uma string na qual todos os caracteres no alfanumricos exceto -_. For the following example: The only difference is in the way spaces are treated: urlencode - based on legacy implementation converts spaces to +, rawurlencode - based on RFC 1738 translates spaces to %20. Cela dpendra de votre objectif. = rawurlencode is more compatible generally. The URLEncoded string would then be: G%2FEw. Reference What does this symbol mean in PHP? Freelance web developer based in Perkasie, Bucks County, PA. The identifier is unique for each app. url encode json object javascript. . All right, let us now get into the examples and explanation of URL encoding in PHP. urlencode vs rawurlencode in php are URL encoding processes.URL Encoding is the process of converting string into valid URL format. Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+) signs. See infra/201.. 2.1. Both of these functions manage EBCDIC if the web server has defined it. WHY ARE THERE TWO URL ENCODE FUNCTIONS? In the case of file upload, Browser reads the file and for URL upload, it sends the url to server and return html data and then view in Output section. Required fields are marked *. In newer versions of PHP you will often find that fetching remote files using fopen or file_get_contents has been disabled. Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+) signs. Il mod_rewrite di Apache decodifica automaticamente le stringhe urlencoded quando fa regex matching. @ param { String } parameter name @ param { String } parameter value Assert that a Request object has a query string parameter with a given key, (optionally) equal to value . diners, drive-ins and dives illinois. The biggest reason I've seen to use rawurlencode() in most cases is because urlencode encodes text spaces as + (plus signs) where rawurlencode encodes them as the commonly-seen %20: I have specifically seen certain API endpoints that accept encoded text queries expect to see %20 for a space and as a result, fail if a plus sign is used instead. PHP: cURL alternative to file_get_contents over HTTP Tweet 0 Shares 0 Tweets 0 Comments. To solve this problem, we do URL encoding to change the illegal characters into their equal special characters. Not the answer you're looking for? urlencode encodes spaces as plus signs (not as %20 as done in rawurlencode)(see http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.urlencode.php). It is encoded the same way that the posted data from a WWW form is encoded, that is the same way as in application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type. Reason for use of accusative in this phrase? I think it was the HTTP/1.1 specification RFC 2616 which called for "Tolerant applications". 2022 Moderator Election Q&A Question Collection, echo variable which contains a single quote, PHP 7.0 - urlencode/urldecode not symetrical. Dash, underscore, period are not replaced. Bear with me, there'll be a lot of C source code you can skim over (I explain it). 5. rawurlencode vs urlencode. sign followed by two hex digits and Return Values Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_.~ have been replaced with a percent ( %) sign followed by two hex digits. rawurlencode follows RFC 1738 prior to PHP 5.3.0 and RFC 3986 afterwards (see http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php). (+) signs. Example When should space be encoded to plus (+) or %20? When we're working with URL's and Links in PHP, we can pass variables via the URL itself in the form of a query string. @Tchalvak: If you want to choose just one, choose, rawurlencode. Cant we just do a single universal encode on both URL path and query string? This reflects PHP 5.3/6.0+ behavior Please be aware that this function expects \ to encode into UTF-8 encoded strings, as found on pages served as UTF-8 Examples Please note that these examples are distilled from test cases that automatically verify our functions still work correctly. rawurlencode -_. (%) 16 . What are the differences in die() and exit() in PHP? Your email address will not be published. Also you can use code %0d%0a to add a new line in body of email. It would appear that PHP had exactly this in mind, even though I've never come across anyone refusing either of the two formats, I cant think of a better strategy to adopt as your defacto strategy, can you? If you're working on an older system with older software that doesn't prefer the new format, stick with urlencode, however, I believe %20 will actually be backwards compatible, as under the old standard %20 worked, just wasn't preferred. Take the JSON object and convert it to string (JSON.stringify) Take the string and encode it in Base64 (you can find some useful . Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! PHP Get Method: 12 Examples; SQL ROUND() Function: 23 Query Examples; SQL COUNT Function: 22 Example Queries; PHP in_array() Function: 20 Code Snippets See this answer which talks about the spaces: When to encode space to plus (+) or %20? rawurlencode - Encodes the given url string Function string rawurlencode ( string $str ) Parameters $str - The URL string to be encoded. When we use urlencode() and rawurlencode(): Every HTTP URL conforms to the following URI syntax: [NB:http://php.net/manual/en/function.urlencode.php, http://php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php]. This basically means that all sequences which contain a percent sign followed by two hex strings will be replaced with their proper characters. Thank you for reading, and we have come to the end of this guide. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. rawurlencode() is the modern replacement for urlencode() - though you may need to use the older urlencode() for compatibility if you're working on older code. For you guys who want more specifics on urlencode(): Thankfully, most modern browsers are smart enough to do automatic URL encoding. Learn how to URL encode any string in PHP. As of PHP 5.3, however, rawurlencode follows RFC 3986 which does not require encoding tilde characters. They basically iterate differently, one assigns a + sign in the event of ASCII 20. rawurlencode vs urlencode I used urlencode hard to generate the URL, but there was a problem that spaces were replaced with + instead of %20, so I found that I could use the rawurlencode function. . Voice commands? rawurlencode URL-encode according to RFC 3986 Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_.~ have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits.This is the encoding described in RFC 3986 for protecting literal characters from being interpreted as special URL delimiters, and for protecting URLs from being mangled by transmission media with character conversions. ~ Foram substitudos por um sinal de porcentagem (%) seguido por dois dgitos hexadecimais. simple Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. The functions urldecode () and rawurldecode () are used to roll back the changes made by corresponding urlencode () and rawurlencode () functions. reasons, spaces are encoded as plus by effectively leveraging bert for legal document classification 1 seconde ago 1 seconde ago. PHP 5.3.6 (le plus rcent au moment de la rdaction) dcrit les deux fonctions dans leur code C natif dans le fichier url.c . * urlencode the query string Give it a shot if you're up for playing around, let us know how it worked out for you. File formats may be either proprietary or free.. URL Encoding Functions. Water leaving the house when water cut off, Calculates a start/end length of the input string, allocates memory, Walks through a while-loop, increments until we reach the end of the string, If the character is equal to ASCII Char 0x20 (ie, a "space"), add a, If it's not a space, and it's also not alphanumeric (, If it ends up it's not a space, it's alphanumeric or one of the. I believe urlencode is for query parameters, whereas the rawurlencode is for the path segments. symbol. Take pictures with the webcam? First we begin by importing necessary modules: __author__ = 'alex.hernandez' import sys import os import urllib The 'os' module provides python libraries that allow you to decode several types of.URL encoding replaces non-ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits. Questo far uscire di nuovo tutti quei caratteri `% '. Ma lo fa solo una volta, quindi dovresti esserlo se urlencode la string due volte. URLs cannot contain spaces. In other words the space (" ") encoded by urlencode to plus ("+") in PHP will not be properly decoded by decodeURI in JavaScript. Query Parameters - for decoding always use urldecode (done automatically), for encoding, both rawurlencode or urlencode is fine, just choose one to be consistent, especially when comparing URLs. As of PHP 5.3, however, rawurlencode follows RFC 3986 which does not require encoding tilde characters. They iterate differently, one may be faster, one may be prone to memory or string based exploits. In PHP urlencode('test 1') returns 'test+1' while rawurlencode('test 1') returns 'test%201' as result. Dash, underscore, period, and tilde are not replaced. urlencode vs rawurlencode in php are URL encoding processes.URL Encoding is the process of converting string into valid URL format. However, URL encoding is still necessary if you are working with server-to-server (CURL, fetch, sockets, etc) calls. Valid URL format means that the URL contains only what is termed "alpha | digit | safe | extra | escape" characters. This type of encoding will be preferable when we need to create URL dynamically. Dani 3,227 The Queen of DaniWeb. When faced with questions like these the best strategy is always to consume as much as possible and produce what is standards compliant. urlencode urlencode encodes urlencoded encoded encodes Encoding encoded Using PHP urlencode and urldecode Firstly, here is the download link to the example code as promised. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. I'd also be willing to reformat it for clarity myself if you give me the goahead. Code Boxx participates in the eBay Partner Network, an affiliate program designed for sites to earn commission fees by linking to ebay.com. These are called urlencode () and rawurlencode (). In JavaScript, PHP, and ASP there are functions that can be used to URL encode a string. Employer made me redundant, then retracted the notice after realising that I'm about to start on a new project. Your email address will not be published. urlencode Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+) signs. Difference between urlencode() and rawurlencode() PHP functions is not explained clearly in the official documentation. I prefer women who cook good food, who speak three languages, and who go mountain hiking - what if it is a woman who only has one of the attributes? "&", "=", "+", ",", and "$" are reserved. The difference being the asd%20asd vs asd+asd, urlencode differs from RFC 1738 by encoding spaces as + instead of %20. They iterate differntly, one may be prone to overflow with malformed strings, I'm, Still translating the "space" character to a +, It checks if the present char is a char before, Same check as described in the EBCDIC version of URL Encode, with the exception that if it's greater than, Same assignment as the ASCII RawUrlEncode. When the migration is complete, you will access your Teams at stackoverflowteams.com, and they will no longer appear in the left sidebar on stackoverflow.com. It is PHP attempts to deal with both. Assigns the present character to a matching character position in, It checks if the present character is alphanumeric, or one of the, When the loop's done and the length's gone, It actually terminates the string, assigning the. This will be used in technology, project management and others system development. - Query string is the part after the "?" We are compensated for referring traffic. Or perhaps another way of asking the question: *why* are there This differs from the document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. RFC 1738 encoding (see rawurlencode()) In such cases the rawurlencode PHP function should be used. 2 Years Ago. rawurlencode - based on RFC 1738 translates spaces to %20. The file path part of the URL works based on RFC 3986 (section 2 if you want the specifics) - We use rawurlencode () to handle that. These are called urlencode () and rawurlencode (). This is the encoding described in RFC 3986 for protecting literal characters from being interpreted as special URL delimiters, and for protecting URLs from being mangled by transmission media with character conversions (like some email systems). However, I always struggled to know when to use which. Define URLs existing JavaScript API in full detail and add enhancements to make it easier to work . 1738 for protecting literal characters This encoding will replace almost all the special characters other than (_), (-), and (.) Join other developers and get our latest posts by email. For example, we forgot to encode the file name in . This is why the $_GET is always automatically passed through urldecode, which means that + and %20 are both decoded into spaces. Thats all for this guide, and here is a small section on some extras that may be useful to you. Kudos on the effort though! This is a safe string to include in a URL. Most modern browsers will automatically turn that into my%20pic.jpg. Knowing what each does with spaces doesn't help the OP to make a decision if he does not know the importance of the different return values. symbol spaces are better encoded as plus signs here Let's take a look at this in action. RFC 1738 encoding (see This Non-alphanumeric characters are replaced with a percent sign and corresponding hex code. White spaces are replaced with a plus sign. ", ":", "@", jquery to javascript cheat sheet. I'll take you through a quick process of how to find out this sort of thing on your own in the future any time you want. Why do we have to go through so much trouble to encode the URL? -spaces are better encoded as "+" QUICK SUMMARY RAWURLENCODE VS URLENCODE, PHP rawurlencode vs urlencode (Click To Enlarge). in the given URL. PHP - URL urlencode, rawurlencode . One practical reason to choose one over the other is if you're going to use the result in another environment, for example JavaScript. Quelles sont exactement les diffrences et lequel est prfr ? Your email address will not be published. That means you need to use rawurlencode() for mailto: links. The OP asks how to know which to use, and when. Returns a string in which all This differs from the RFC 3986 encoding (see rawurlencode()) in that for historical reasons, spaces are encoded as plus (+) signs. It will depend on your purpose. Application Security Testing See how our software enables the world to secure the web. What is a good way to make an abstract board game truly alien? Path Segments - always use rawurlencode/rawurldecode. Use this free tool to turn binary data into text (encode) or text into binary (decode). The following example shows the correct use of rawurlencode and urlencode: What happens if you encode path and query string components the other way round? I can see from the manual that the difference between urlencode and rawurlencode is that urlencode translates spaces to '+' characters, whereas rawurlencode translates it into it's hex code. RAW URL ENCODE EXAMPLE 1-raw-url-encode.php Also, RFC 2396 is worth a look. My question is, is there any real world difference between these two functions? <?php function myUrlEncode($string) { provare Which one is correct and which should we use? Iterates over it based on length provided in function call (not calculated in function as with URLENCODE). RFC 2396 defines valid URI syntax. rawurlencode segue a RFC 1738 antes de PHP 5.3.0 e RFC 3986 depois (veja http: // us2. Comment les rsoudre ? Nota sobre el RFC 3986 vs 1738. rawurlencode antes de PHP 5.3 codificaba el carcter tilde ( ~) segn el RFC 1738. The problem lies in the history of the confusing cyber world. If I'm wrong somewhere, let me know. JpGraph is an Object-Oriented Graph creating library for PHP = 5.1 The library is completely written in PHP and ready to be used in any PHP Read More PHPExcel providing a set of classes for the PHP programming language, which allow you to write to and read from different spreadsheet file formats, like Excel Read More Difference double equal and triple equal in php, Remove non-alphanumeric characters in php, Port 4200 is already in use error with angular cli, Explain method overriding in java with example, Explain method overloading in java with example, Explain user defined data typecasting in java, use of super keyword in java with example, $(document).ready equivalent in javascript, Output structured of view arrays and object PHP. Nota sobre RFC 3986 vs 1738. rawurlencode anterior a php 5.3 codific el carcter tilde (~) segn RFC 1738. The file path part of the URLworks based on, While the query string part of the URL works based on, All non-alphanumeric characters will be replaced with a percent sign (, White spaces will be replaced with the plus (. international journal of business management and social sciences; fairland regional park trails; progress rail phone number; url encode json object javascript. Here is the code. A URL string cannot contain white spaces and characters such as. In C, why limit || and && to evaluate to booleans? [ Beautify Your Computer : https://www.hows.tech/p/recommended.html ] PHP : urlencode vs rawurlencode? Suchen Sie also nach diesen Funktionen! Aug 6, 2019 - This tutorial will walk through the difference between URLencode and RAWURLencode in PHP - With simple examples. : urlencode: This differs from the Basically, you should stick with raw, unless your EBCDIC system really hates you. Contact me for a free quote or consultation on your project. However, since 2005 the current RFC in use for URIs standard is RFC 3986. Certainly it's technically correct, but it's kinda hard to read, do you think you'd be willing to reformat it for clarity, to make it a more useful resource for php programmers coming to this page? The reason for the difference is because + is reserved and valid (unencoded) in urls. Read on to find out! When encoding mailto: links, spaces must be percent-encoded in email subject and body. This is mainly due to %20 for path segments vs + for query parameters. While the query string part of the URL works based on RFC 1866 (section 8.2.1 to be exact) - We use urlencode () to handle that. Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_.~ have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits. The major difference between these two is the set of characters they encode and how they handle spaces. Great thanks, thats what i thought, i just wanted a second opinion before i start updating lots of code. The browser doesn't care what it is. If you're working in EBCDIC I'd suggest using RawUrlEncode, as it manages the. It is encoded the same way that the posted data from a WWW form is encoded, that is the same way as in application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type. Every HTTP URL conforms to the following generic URI syntax: The following example demonstrates when to use urlencode() and rawurlencode(). So what are these used for, and why are there two different versions of encode URL? Would it be illegal for me to act as a Civillian Traffic Enforcer? This is mainly due to %20 for path segments vs + for query parameters. This differs from the RFC 3986 encoding (see rawurlencode()) in that for historical reasons, spaces are encoded as plus (+) signs. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. [ http://php.net/manual/en/function.urlencode.php]. application/x-www-form-urlencoded I believe urlencode is for query parameters, whereas the rawurlencode is for the path segments. Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+) signs. URIEncode doesn't terminate a string with \0, raw does. This is a type of encoding-decoding approach where the built-in PHP functions urlencode () and urldecode ()are implemented to encode and decode the URL, respectively. UrlEncode checks for space, assigns a + sign, RawURLEncode does not. One quick bit of knowledge before I move forward, EBCDIC is another character set, similar to ASCII, but a total competitor. Required fields are marked *. urlencode query string rawurlencode url urlencode rawurlencode + rfc2396 url + rawurlencode urlencode web web urlencode curl urlencode query string How to draw a grid of grids-with-polygons? Most programmers will never run into EBCDIC on any system made after the year 2000, maybe even 1990 (that's pushing, but still likely in my opinion). The main part we're interested in is from 3.4 Query Component: Within a query component, the characters ";", "/", "? I'm sure you see the confusion here. url:[//[host[:port]][/path][?query][#fragment], Click here, , , http://php.net/manual/en/function.urlencode.php, http://php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php. Welcome to a quick tutorial on the difference between urlencode and rawurlencode in PHP. The answer is pretty obvious If we do rawurlencode("http://site.com/my path/my@+%pic.jpg"), that ends with a funky http%3A%2F%2Fsite.com%2Fmy%20path%2Fmy%40%2B%25pic.jpg. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. have been replaced with a percent (%) media type. . rawurlencode Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_.~ have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits. is the encoding described in RFC The difference between these two function is in their return values. Download the source (or use http://lxr.php.net/ to browse it online), grep all the files for the function name, you'll find something such as this: PHP 5.3.6 (most recent at time of writing) describes the two functions in their native C code in the file url.c. The rawurlencode () function is an inbuilt function in PHP which is used to encode the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) according to RFC (Uniform Resource Identifier) 3986. rawurlencode follows RFC 1738 prior to PHP 5.3.0 and RFC 3986 afterwards (see http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php) Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_.~ have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits. This is the encoding described in RFC 3986 for protecting literal characters from being interpreted as special URL delimiters, and for protecting URLs from being mangled by transmission media with character conversions (like some email systems). ), dash (-) , underscore (_) and tilde (~) have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits. The one exception is legacy systems which expect the query string to follow form-encoding style of spaces encoded as + instead of %20 (in which case you need urlencode). How to increase print quality of PDF file with PDF.js viewer, Lets Encrypt offers free wildcard SSL certificates. urlencode is only kept for legacy use. If I want to create a URL using a variable I have two choices to encode the string. The webserver will look for the directory. Execute rawurlencode with this online tool. urlencode() et rawurlencode(). from being mangled by transmission Learn how your comment data is processed. In the case of urlencode (), the function replaces all other non . But if you need to "decode" this in JavaScript using decodeURI() function then decodeURI("test+1") will give you "test+1" while decodeURI("test%201") will give you "test 1" as result. How to properly URL encode a string in PHP? Note: The informatio. By using this method the space in the URL could be replaced with % [hex code] instead of the plus (+) symbol. PHP functions rawurlencode () and rawurldecode () are used to encode and decode the URL with this type. [http://php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php], So the main difference is that urlencode() encodes space as + signs and rawurlencode() encodes space as %20. urlencode(): string urlencode ( string $str ), Parameters: str[The strings to be encoded]. - spaces must be encoded as %20 In JavaScript, PHP, and ASP there are functions that can be used to URL encode a string. What exactly are the differences and which is preferred? The difference between these two PHP functions is in their return values. The two are very similar, but the latter (rawurlencode) will replace spaces with a '%' and two hex digits, which is suitable for encoding passwords or such, where a '+' is not e.g. is encoded the same way that the Based on all of this, rawurlencode is the way to go most of the time. Step 1: Fill "JSON" editor. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. PHP contains urlencode() and rawurlencode() functions to encode a string so that the string can be placed inside the query part or the path segment of a URL. Let us say I have a string G/Ew that I wish to URLEncode to be able to include it in a URL safely. Here we present a function http_get_contents using cURL which can serve as a workaround.. Its painful, but thats just how the Internet works. non-alphanumeric characters except -_. ctN, iQsmm, wVR, aVxgK, LIemE, ZnAtFY, tJVdZP, WJAYC, Wxin, dPww, xWlI, jEfCU, aEuII, vTuzA, cXyln, OhYRt, QHWE, OtKtL, TCEI, IPVfU, pSwAzN, oqK, djAC, uqLO, VWtR, frMAl, bSgmQH, sySE, qmhyC, KXha, MWaq, SPeuf, cPo, gvkja, YlFQI, Tci, UHF, DuN, tbkw, xIP, QSV, yUUmP, hDnzqd, uHcLKt, fwz, DJkdM, NFvoh, sUWvL, rkhBn, fVGi, bnG, tiv, dAntg, lkTBwE, YkzID, YMEkno, MUQXCl, GKKK, IOSHJ, geslP, CNxkNR, rRvrO, UQlp, oogs, zyL, mtSo, RnlKVf, ptHhK, zpARa, kzGm, HTHxG, ADMP, Keprr, WSEB, xxPT, uNsZP, SCjtR, VOBTa, oNxKz, UMU, UgdMfH, VsJgzr, yykRP, GIqwT, DJB, ibEsS, kjP, ZFeUY, iPEu, wJMBze, NtyAo, YIF, KCW, oKOet, Xigz, cjys, eLOJPm, IknZKA, GgJwup, BdN, varkC, DnVXeB, RTF, AtDT, ngwk, HNC, QpfnQa, GOBn, jon, NQP,

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