Things to Do in Torres Vedras, Portugal: See Tripadvisor's 9,991 traveler reviews and photos of Torres Vedras tourist attractions. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop Massna's 1810 offensive. Within a year, by the time the French arrived 126 forts and redoubts were built, with ravelins, detached batteries, etc. The three lines of Torres Vedras had redoubts and forts strategically placed in the top of hills, controlling the roads to Lisbon and using the natural obstacles of the land. Interpretation Centre at Sobral de Monte Agrao, Centro de Interpretao das Linhas de Torres de Mafra, List of forts of the Lines of Torres Vedras, "Governo classifica Linhas de Torres Vedras como monumento nacional", https://www.cm-mafra.pt/sites/default/files/guide_-_lines_of_torres_vedras_historial_trail.pdf, "The Lines of Torres Vedras An Impregnable Citadel? On completion there were 152 fortifications with a total of 648 cannon. 2 Linhas de Torres Vedras (Lines of Torres Vedras). 64 relations. Work 10. Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea. After his troubling Spanish experience at the Battle of Talavera, Wellington decided to strengthen Portugal. That the French were able to campaign in their vicinity at all was a remarkable feat, according to Wellington:[3]. [5] Defences still visible in this section include the Fort of Subserra. Redoubt n.30 close to the ocean (Ponte do Rol) Monte do Socorro close to Pro Negro, Wellingtons headquarters. Send us a message. 97% of travelers recommend this experience. After exploring the Great Redoubt and a quick walk around Torres Vedras castle in the evening, we set off the next day to see Fort San Vicente. Jun 2016 Friends. The redoubt was protected by a ditch, normally 16ft wide and 12ft deep, with parapets 8 to 14ft thick fitted with fire steps and the redoubts were pallisaded. Map view. This was an exceptionally good visitor centre with detailed and interesting information and film. It is also an important study of Wellington's strategy during the crucial years of the war against Napoleon. [1] He was also inspired by the Martello Towers along the English Channel coast. However, to guard against the possibility that the French would try to bypass the lines to the north of Lisbon by heading south along the left bank of the Tagus and then approaching Lisbon by boat, a fourth line was built south of the Tagus in the Almada area. The Lines of Torres were built entirely by Portuguese labour but supervised by 18 British engineer staff. Enjoy a complimentary lunch and refreshments throughout the tour. From the Pass of Freixal, near Bucelas to the right of the Pass of Mafra. . The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War. Casualties had not been helped by the fact that the Iberian peninsula had suffered one of the coldest winters it had ever known. British ships dominated the Portuguese coast and the Tagus estuary, so a waterborne invasion by the French was unlikely. Although ultimately contributing to the success of the defence, this policy led to high rates of mortality among the Portuguese who had retreated south of the lines. Lines of Wellington: With Miguel Borges, Nuno Lopes, Joo Arrais, Filipe Vargas. We visit several of the 152 forts and redoubts that constitute this amazing and vast engineering work that was carried out by a small group of engineers and the local population in a remarkably short period of time. Following the decision on the location, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Richard Fletcher ordered the work to begin on a network of interlocking fortifications, redoubts, escarpments, dams that flooded large areas, and other defences. Work 112. Marshal Massna had begun his campaign with his 65,000 strong army (l'Arme de Portugal). The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon, capital of Portugal, from the French during the Peninsular War.wikipedia. Find out more about the Lines of Torres Vedras. Funding was granted in 2007. Work 110. Subcategories. Work 11. The force assigned to this part of the Line was Picton's division. The population as of 2011 was 83,075, [1] in an area of 407.15 square kilometres (157.20 sq mi). Rivers were dammed, turning large areas into swamps, ravines were choked with abatis, miles of walls were built, some 16ft high. All forums . This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. The town is 40 km north of Lisbon to which it is connected by bus and train. You will walk on the Lines of Torres Vedras, between the Tagus river and the Atlantic Ocean. Map view. Find out more about the Friends. Anyone even vaguely interested in the Napoleonic erase should visit the region. [9], The lines were divided up into districts by Wellington in a letter dated 6 October 1810. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. Gain valuable insight into Portuguese history from your expert guide. A view of the castle in Torres Vedras. Unable to penetrate the Lines, the French were driven back into Spain having suffered the heaviest defeat yet experienced by Napoleon's armies. However, initial work was limited due to lack of resources. Work 120. Cabeci ou Outeiro tiles, Torres Vedras Lines Museum, Portugal Modern windmills are seen behind power lines in Torres Vedras, on the outskirts of Lisbon, July 9, 2008. . We recommend booking Lines of Torres Vedras tours ahead of time to secure your spot. [21], The monument was constructed near the village of Alhandra in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, on the site of the Boavista redoubt (originally numbered as work Number 3). Lines of Torres Vedras. The retreat into the Lines of Torres Vedras had a tragic aftermath. Roads were also built to enable troops to move rapidly between forts. Part of the defensive Lines of Torres Vedras initiated by Arthur Wellesley in the Peninsular Wars The red . Altogether, therefore, Wellington had some 60,000 regular frontline troops whom he could depend upon, and 20,000 more who could be trusted to man the lines.[18]. The new annual army list. The Interpretation Centre of The Lines of Torres Vedras (ICLTV) is a museological space divided into many locations which aims to preserve, study and promote the heritage of the Lines of Torres Vedras as a military defense system that dictated the ultimate withdrawal of the Napoleonic army of Portugal, in what became known as the 3rd French invasion - one of the most remarkable episodes of . The work was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Richard Fletcher, assisted by Major John Jones, 11 British officers, four Portuguese Army engineers and two KGL officers. Visit some of the 152 forts that comprise the 200-year-old landmark. HQ at Mafra. Construction of the lines continued and in 1812 34,000 men were still working on them. This forced Junot to negotiate the Convention of Cintra, which led to the evacuation of the French army from Portugal. "Wellington has made them", replied someone. Everything was preserved as a secret, whose maintenance is as surprising as the building of the lines. Re: Peninsular Campaign: Lines of Torres Vedras. Castelo de Torres Vedras is a castle in Torres Vedras, Portugal. Work 117. Joo VI and the Portuguese court had fled to Brazil and the nation lived under the possibility of a third French occupation. The work was supervised by Fletcher, assisted by Major John Thomas Jones, and 11 other British Officers, four Portuguese Army Engineers, and two KGL officers. The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War. North of the lines everything that could supply the invading army was collected, hidden or burnt. The human cost was great for the local population, because of the privations they endured. By the evening of 9 October the British and Portuguese began to withdraw behind a line of defensive works that had been built to the north . At Talavera, some 120 kilometres (75mi) southwest of Madrid, they encountered and defeated 46,000 French soldiers under Marshal Claude Victor. They brought no provisions with them, and they have not received even a letter since they entered Portugal. The efficiency and cohesion of the lines was based on five points: 1) Redoubts of artillery with Portuguese artillerymen, commanded by Major-General Jos Antnio Rosa, and situated to fire into preset zones, where the enemy attack was expected. Apart from some limited restoration of Fort St. Vincent in the 1960s the Lines had effectively lain abandoned from the end of the Peninsular War to the beginning of this millennium. Exploring Wellington Defensive Lines during Napoleonic War in Portugal, Small-Group Tour: Knights Templar Historical Tour from Lisbon, Sintra Tour in talking-car with GPS Audio guide, 90min Amphibious Sightseeing Tour in Lisbon, Bike Tours Lisbon - Center of Lisbon to Belm, Sintra Cascais (Wine and Tapas) 4X4 Land Rover Panoramic Private Tour, Full-Day Best of Sintra and Cascais Small-Group Tour, Sintra and Cascais Small-Group Day Trip from Lisbon, Ftima, Nazar, and bidos Small-Group Day Trip from Lisbon, Tour of the Knights Templar's of Tomar in private tour, Sunset Sailing Tour in Lisbon on a Luxury Sailing Yacht, Berlenga Island Small-Group Day Trip from Lisbon. Massna's forces arrived at the lines on 11 October and took Sobral de Monte Agrao the following day. Each redoubt was protected by a ditch or dry moat, with parapets, and was palisaded. Torres Vedras and Sao Vicente 1810. . Travel guide to Torres Vedras, Portugal, including the best places to visit (Leonel Trindade Municipal Museum, Tholos do Barro, Lines of Torres Vedras, Castelo de Torres Vedras) and all of the information that you need to know before you go. In the words of his adversary, Arthur Wellesley, the 1st Duke of Wellington: "The decisive engagement of the war in . After attempting to wait out the enemy, the lack of food and fodder in the area north of the lines meant that Massna was forced to order a French retreat northwards, starting on the night of 14/15 November 1810, to find an area that had not been subjected to the scorched earth policy. [3][9][4][8] The entire construction was carried out in great secrecy and the French never became aware of it. The station was reconstructed in 2008. Following the battle of Bussaco on 27 September 1810 Wellington's heavily outnumbered troops began to withdraw towards Lisbon. 2) Military roads to cover the rear of the lines and allowing an extraordinary mobility of forces. This site records my visits to the works of the Torres Vedras lines and shares some of my sources. After attempting to wait out the enemy, Massna was forced to order a French retreat to Spain, starting on the night of 15 November 1810, to re-supply and reinforce his army. Including the Ordenanas and Milicias, it had 77,690 men. Therefore a defensive system of three lines of towers was built, with a total of 152 fortified bulwarks and 600 pieces of artillery, defended by around 140,000 troops.The first line covered a 46 km extension between Alhandra, on the banks of the River Tejo and the Atlantic Ocean and Torres Vedras. They were also hit by severe illness and disease killing the soldiers in the thousands. Recommended. HERITAGE AND VISITORS' CENTRE FOR THE LINES OF TORRES VEDRAS (CILT) St Vincent's Fort | 2560-629 Torres Vedras. Torres Vedras Food & gourmet tours Guided tours Day trips Filters 2 activities found How GetYourGuide ranks activities Activities on the GetYourGuide marketplace are ranked by a combination of factors including popularity, diversity, availability, customer rating, cancellation rate, performance over time, and amount of revenue generated. The keep tower of the Moorish Castle of Torres Vedras, used in battle in the nation's infancy. f Cadiz, lines at Torres Vedras, actions at I^^^nha Casal Novo, Foz(rouce and Sabu^al ; battle of Fuentes dOnor, second siege of Badajoz, action at . Surveying this line from east to west, the first section from Alhandra to Arruda was about 5 miles (8.0km) long, of which 1 mile (1.6km) towards the Tagus had been inundated; another 1 mile (1.6km) or more had been scarped into a precipice, and the most vulnerable point had been obstructed by a huge abatis. Monte do Socorro close to Pro Negro, Wellington's headquarters. They constitute an historical reference for the strategy and military architecture in Europe. and writes fiction and cinema essays (PhD). The Lines are a great place for history buffs interested in the Peninsula War, but there is much more to the area, including good walks, wine quinta visits and great restaurants. 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