eurasian collared dove care

The fastest, most impressive doves always get the girl! Site is in tree or shrub, sometimes on manmade structure, 6-70' (usually 10-40') above ground. It is thought that this bird originated in southern Asia, where over time it has expanded into Western Europe and become a common sight throughout all the countries. The diet is rounded out with berries and small invertebrates. They damage the existing ecosystem, upsetting the balance. The Eurasian-collared Dove made its way to the North American continent via releases in the Caribbean. . In cooler months, flocks may roost together in large trees. ..and for good reason; the offspring of pigeons and ringneck doves are sterile. Text Kenn Kaufman, adapted from Latin: Eurasian Collared-Doves can live to be more than 13 years of age. Century-Old Citizen Science Tradition Still Contributing To Bird Population Research. They leave the nest at around 15 to 19 days old, are fed for one more week, and then become independent. . Check out our eurasian collared dove selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. The bird can now be found all over Europe from as far north as the Norwegian Arctic circle to as far south as Morocco and the Canary Islands and as far east as the Ural Mountains in Russia. But Eurasian Collared-Doves are a very successful species. They are not timid and are tolerant of humans. 125-240 g LENGTH 29-30 cm WINGSPAN 47-55 cm During the 20th century, the Eurasian collared dove spectacularly expanded its range from the Middle East to right across Europe. Inca dove. On average, a dove couple will produce between three and four broods per year. In folklore, it is said that the distinctive call of the Eurasian collared dove is an echo of the mournful cries of the servant girl who was saved from her hardship! They visit birdfeeders, too, where they often drive other birds (including mourning doves and even blue jays) away. Biologists are tracking, and trying to anticipate, the impact the Eurasian collared-dove will have on our native species. A female lays about two eggs at a time, which females took care of in the daytime and males look after from night until dawn. It has white tail feathers and dark-tipped wings. In general parlance the terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used somewhat interchangeably. make some rice too. The Invasive Species Compendium estimates that there could be as many as 8 million individual Eurasian collared doves worldwide. Eurasian collared doves are herbivorous, primarily granivorous and frugivorous. Combine roosting spots with food availability and you have the ideal habitat for this dove. Zenaida asiatica. They are a litte bigger than mourning doves and should provide a little more meat than the standard mourning dove. In the UK, this dove is classed as a pest and in Pakistan it is classified as a crop pest. Many migrate hundreds or thousands of miles. Possible interactions with native species not yet well understood, but no obvious negative impacts have been noted so far. There is a black crescent collar on the upper back (not a complete "ring"). Native to Eurasia but introduced to Florida, where it spread rapidly across North America beginning in the 1990s. They need good exercise in order to stay healthy. In ornithological practice, there is a tendency for . Look (and listen) for Eurasian collared-doves in high trees and on telephone poles and power lines in cities and suburbs, and in agricultural settings where they can feed on grain. The Collared Dove certainly fits that description as it is much smaller than the Woodpigeon. Whilst some species can be very wary of human presence and interaction, even the wildest collared dove will often be happy to get close to human habitats in order to feed. The Eurasian and African Collared-Doves do not occur together naturally, but their close associations with humanity increasingly bring them into contact: in West Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Canary Islands, and Puerto Rico. North American populations are most common around residential areas or farmland having combination of trees and open ground, and they seem to thrive better in small towns than in larger cities. Although not all properties have the right habitat for doves, many areas offer good hunting opportunities. If you want to keep a few, you will need to buy or build a pigeon coop. Mourning dove. This relates back to Greek mythology in which Decaocto was an underpaid, overworked servant girl whose prayers were heard, and the gods turned her into a dove so she could escape her misery and confinement. Eurasian collared dove The Eurasian collared dove ( Streptopelia decaocto) is a dove species native to Europe and Asia; it was introduced to Japan, North America and islands in the Caribbean. See below for a comparison of the Eurasian Collared-Dove with the African Collared-Dove. this is very helpful. Diet: Diet consists mostly of seed and cereal grain. The Eurasian collared dove lives and thrives in both urban and rural areas but they appear to prefer spaces with plenty of roosting spots. . Rock dove. Eurasian collared doves are monogamous and form strong pair-bonds. Immature Stage. Soon, they flew west from the Bahamas and colonized southern Florida. With a flash of white tail feathers and a flurry of dark-tipped wings, the Eurasian Collared-Dove settles onto phone wires and fence posts to give its rhythmic three-parted coo. Sometimes flutters among branches of trees or shrubs to take berries. North Americans easily recognize the Eurasian Collared Dove because it is larger than the Mourning Dove, has the dark ring around the nape of the neck, and lacks the whistling wings. 2, sometimes 1. Subsequently . Song a three-parted coo-coo-cook or coo-COO-coo, often repeated incessantly; call a raspy, nasal, descending heeeewww.. In this series of photos taken by Julie Cartwright of Cheshire, UK, a storm destroyed the nest leaving . Eurasian Collared-Dove perched on a wire fence - Nikon D500, f8, 1/1600, ISO 640, Nikkor 500mm VR with 1.4x TC, natural light. Eurasian Collared-Doves eat seeds, greens, some fruits and human garbage. The Eurasian Collared-Dove is overall pale grayish with warmer light-brown tones on the back, and has on the nape a black collar narrowly edged with white. very good meal imo. The Eurasian collared dove scientific name, Streptopelia Decaocto is native to Europe and Asia. (10) Vriends, Matthew M., PhD., "Barbary Dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea var. "Eurasian collared doves have pretty much taken over the mourning-dove habitat," said Cortez birder and naturalist Fred Blackburn. Santiago Caballero Carrera | Macaulay Library, Francisco Barroqueiro | Macaulay Library, See more images of this species in Macaulay Library. So far they seem to have no negative affect on populations of native birds, perhaps because they stay mainly in human-altered habitats. There is some great public land just east of I-25, east of Wellington that has been productive in the past. Oddly, the expansion has not yet penetrated the northeastern states, aside from a few records of strays. They will commonly avoid wide-open spaces (such as agricultural land) where there are few roosting spots and also heavily wooded areas. By the 1980s, the first individuals were found in North America in Florida (Henceveld, 1993). Membership benefits include one year of Audubon magazineand the latest on birds and their habitats. When she goes away, he pursues her. Help power unparalleled conservation work for birds across the Americas, Stay informed on important news about birds and their habitats, Receive reduced or free admission across our network of centers and sanctuaries, Access a free guide of more than 800 species of North American birds, Discover the impacts of climate change on birds and their habitats, Learn more about the birds you love through audio clips, stunning photography, and in-depth text. www.birds-of-north-america.net Species: The Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) is a fairly new bird species that has been recognized as breeding in North America. The first thing you will need is a trap. Records show the dove in Alabama in 1991, Texas 1995, South Dakota 1996, Montana 1997, Minnesota 1998, Iowa 1999 and Oregon in 1999. Length: 12 inches; larger and stouter than a mourning dove. Origin Of The Species: Wild Rock Doves Discovered. Food and water should be refreshed daily. The wings are broad and slightly rounded. Trapping Eurasian Collared Doves is easy and profitable. Clutch Size: 2 eggs. The breeds scientific name, Streptopelia decaocto, literally translates to collar dove. Campfire Tracker. Other sources state that the dove moved into every country in Europe in just 30 years from 1930. Photo: Hudson Hoen/Audubon Photography Awards. In 1955, Britain recorded just four birds but by 1970, this had increased to 20,000 pairs. Yes, you can shoot Eurasian collared-doves in California. Regardless, biologists agree that collared doves benefit from human association, especially suburban developmentand we all know there's no lack of that . These diurnal doves are often to be seen in pairs, perched close to each other on a branch or foraging on the ground. In the 1970s, the Eurasian collared dove was introduced to the Bahamas. A relative of the mourning dove, its name comes from its black half-collar around its neck. Rare Bird Report #:51-B-10. 4. The male brings materials to the female, and she builds the nest. According to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) resource, the total UK breeding population is 990,000 pairs. Most people know a bird when they see one it has feathers, wings, and a bill. The Eurasian collared dove is one of the most successful modern colonizing species of birds ever. About 350 species of birds are likely to be seen in Missouri, though nearly 400 have been recorded within our borders. Answer: Yes. Eurasian Collared Dove call. Eurasian-collared doves are classified as 'unprotected' and can be hunted and taken all year. Incubation lasts 14 to 19 days, and the young fledge after about 17 days. So far, it doesn't look like our native mourning dove is affected. Birds lay hard-shelled eggs (often in a nest), and the parents care for the young. Its expansion westward and northward from there since the 1980s has been remarkable, and the species is now common to abundant across much of North America, as far northwest as Oregon and Washington. The cooing of the Eurasian collared doves in early spring is mistakenly reported sometimes as the calls of cuckoos arriving early, and therefore as a mistaken sign of the return of spring. Commonly known invasive species are the cane toad in Australia and Japanese knotweed in the UK. However, when the Eurasian collared-dove perceives danger, it makes a "hwaah" sound instead. This chunky relative of the Mourning Dove gets its name from the black half-collar at the nape of the neck. The Eurasian Collared-Dove is a terrestrial bird species that has a current rating of Least Concern. Zenaida macroura, Latin: There are multiple different collective noun terms that can be used for the Eurasian collared dove, these include: Scientists have pinpointed the Eurasian collared dove as being one of the two species that are argued to be the wild ancestor of the domestic Barbary Dove. Learn more about these drawings. Brought in as pets, some doves escaped. The weight can be anywhere between 125 and 240g, depending on the bird's age and time of year. The diet of a Eurasian collared dove is very common for a bird of its size and typical of the whole Columbidae family. Legs and feet are dark red/mauve, and bills are black and slender. The range of the Eurasian collared dove is vast and covers continental Europe and the United Kingdom, eastwards through Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia into North and West China and south east through North and East Africa, the Middle East, India and Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Japan. Eurasian collared doves build the usual type of dove nest in shrubs, on trees, or on building ledges. . Although it says that Ringneck doves are rare ("African Collared-Dove" or "African Collared-Dove (domestic type or Ringed Turtle-Dove).occasionally seen in the wild as an escapee (or a survivor of ceremonial release), individuals don't seem to survive for long and the only known small populations (e.g. Demography and Populations. Many communicate with songs and calls. No results About Me. During the 20th century, the Eurasian collared dove spectacularly expanded its range from the Middle East to right across Europe. Diet in North America not yet well known. . By the 1970's, a small flock of captive Eurasian-collared dove escaped (or were released) from the Bahamas and made their way into Florida. The color of a Eurasian collared dove runs somewhere from chalky light brown and grey buff with an almost pink tinge (not quite as pink as the pink-necked green pigeon though!). hotsoup. The Conservation Department purchased land for Dunn Ford Access in 1982 in order to provide additional public access to South Fabius River. This sound is also used to protect territories from invaders. Because of its vast global range and increasing population trend, it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2014. Primaries are dark, contrasting with the lighter-colored inner part of the wing; even at rest, the dark wingtips are noticeable. They ARE impacting mourning-dove . There is fear that this species will displace native species of doves as well as other species of game birds. At first glance, the Eurasian collared-dovelooks like a chunky, pale gray mourning dove. Lives of North American Birds. Accidentally introduced in 1974 into the Bahamas, this pale chunky bird soon spread to the mainland in Florida. White band at end of tail is best seen from below. Streptopelia decaocto. The number of Eurasian Collared-Doves recorded per party hour at selected CBCs in Nebraska. Before 1930 this bird was limited to the Balkans and Turkey in Europe, but within 20 years it had rapidly expanded its range, probably due to the dispersal behavior of the young. Eurasian collared doves are nearly twice the size of a mourning dove and provide an exciting, new opportunity for North American wingshooters. Eurasian Collared Dove on The IUCN Red List site -, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_collared_dove, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22727811/0. Eurasian Collared-Doves perch on telephone poles, wires, and in large trees and give incessant three-syllable coos. It is often seen on fence posts and telephone wires, giving its rhythmic three-part coo. The Eurasian Collared-Dove is rapidly increasing across the US and southern Canada. They have pointed wings and a squared off tail, which contrasts with the mourning dove's pointed tail. As an invasive species, it is perfectly legal to hunt the Eurasian collared dove in the USA (subject to set hunting seasons and state laws). Head and underparts are pale, almost frosty brown. Some have hypothesized it may assume the niche that formerly belonged to the passenger pigeon, which was hunted to extinction a hundred years ago. Evidence also shows the dove could be found as far east as China. Rare Bird Report #28-B-10 (not reviewed - no longer on review list) Late April - 29 June 2010 - 1 (at intervals) - Sandpoint, 7 miles east of, Bonner County, Latilong 1 - Maryilyn Robertson. Posts: 6,941. i eat them, and will have some for dinner tomorrow. The Eurasian Collared-Dove is an introduced species from Eurasia. ), light gray in color with pinkish tint on the breast and a distinctive black collar that is edged in white around the base of neck. The mourning dove failed; the Eurasian dove was successful. This is so much the case that almost all Eurasian collared dove nests can be found within half a mile of inhabited buildings. Choose a temperature scenario below to see which threats will affect this species as warming increases. The larger the cage, the better, and always place it in an area of your home where there are no vents or open windows. el unit said: My friend has great success with collared eurasians just outside of Wellington in N Colorado. Wild Rock Doves have been found in Scotland and the news has set the ornithological and genomic research community alight. This sandy pink bird with the neat black neckband was released in the Bahamas in the 1960s. It's worth noting the straight-edged tail with a white band on the end, very different from the Mourning Dove's tapered tail. The Eurasian collared dove is almost always seen near homes and farms, not unbroken forest or prairie. Points represent reported values and trend line created using locally weighted scatterplot (LOESS) smoothing. The Eurasian Collared Dove was introduced into Japan and also has a large population in North America. Characteristics of their flight patterns include short bursts of clipped wingbeats, as well as impressive-looking looping glides. The mating display for this species consists of the male performing a ritual flight that involves fast, almost vertical climbs followed by long glides and circular tumbles. Basic and effective care of a Eurasian collared dove in a domesticated environment is quite easy. Description : At first glance, the Eurasian collared-dove looks like a chunky, pale gray mourning dove. Audubons scientists have used 140 million bird observations and sophisticated climate models to project how climate change will affect this birds range in the future. Eurasian Collared-Dove. The blunt-tipped tail is fan-shaped when spread, unlike the Mourning Dove's much . They are also spread throughout the Caribbean, Canada and Mexico. Draughts can put the health of doves at risk. But the easiest "tell" that separates this dove from others is the so . In terms of the relationship between humans and Eurasian collared doves, you will find that these birds are not shy at all. There are a few basic items you will need to get started. Spreading quickly through the South-Eastern United States in the 1990 . Then, for reasons known only to the doves, they started to expand their range. The Eurasian collared dove is a light gray bird, about 12 to 14 inches in length, with a distinct black collar rimmed in white. Then they began spreading north and west. If you want something decorative for your garden and want to attract doves, buy or build your own dovecote using our free dovecote plans. It appears to occupy an ecological niche between that of the Mourning dove and Rock pigeon; some have suggested that its spread represents . The Woodpigeon can be more than double that. The breed is larger than a Mourning Dove, but slimmer than a Rock Pigeon and also possesses a longer tail than either of these, however, it is often confused with the Mourning dove. White. A small amount of bird grit will also help to aid good digestion. The population of this bird species is estimated at possibly 22 million individual birds. The larger the cage, the better, and always place it in an area of your home where there are no vents or open windows. Birds are warm-blooded, and most species can fly. The female usually lays two cream colored eggs. As an introduced species, they are not protected from hunting. Some berries, plant material, and invertebrates are also consumed. Overall color is a chalky or grayish tan, with whitish patches at the end of the tail. Bald Eagle. They may be taken in any amounts and at . In flight and when perched, the wingtips are darker than the rest of the wing. A group of doves can be called a "flight", "cote", "dole" and "bevy" of doves. The Eurasian collared-dove is larger than the typical mourning dove - measuring about 12 inches in length and weighing about 4 to 9 ounces (Diamond Dove 2019). For more information on Eurasian collared doves click here. However, during the twentieth century it extended across all of Europe, by 1953 reaching Great Britain, and Ireland soon after. [Eurasian Collared-Dove calling] About the size of a slim city pigeon, the Eurasian Collared-Dove is a handsome bird, pale grayish-tan with a slim black collar. shows, racing, performance, health, behavior, housing, adopting, care, classifieds, and more! Barbary dove . In Europe, favors suburbs and farmland. "The Eurasian Collared-Dove arrives in the Americas". The mourning dove, which was common around the Columbia Basin. During the 20th century, this pale dove expanded its range spectacularly from the Middle East all the way across Europe. Photo: Dick Dickinson/Audubon Photography Awards, Adults. Originally native to the Bay of Bengal region (India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar), historical records suggest that it expanded its range in the 1600s (by introductions and/or by natural means) to include Turkey and the . Explore Our Forums. Undertail coverts are gray, and the tail is square-tipped. One of the concerns of the spread of the Eurasian collared dove is that it carries the Trichomonas gallinae parasite. American Birds 41(5), 1370-1379. Noelle Johnson Accidentally introduced to Florida in the 1980s, the Eurasian collared dove has expanded its range to more than 39 states and into Canada, Great Backyard Bird Count data shows.. Eurasian collared-doves tend to make their homes in urban and suburban areas but stay away from large cities. Incubation last between 14 and 18 days. In the UK it can also be hunted and killed within the law as laid down by the Wildlife and Countryside Act. . Birders around the country witnessed quite a few stunners this winter. This has been the case since 2014 and it is largely thanks to the birds vast global range and presence, along with a healthy increasing population trend. They feed on the ground but may visit bird-feeders in winter, especially those with sunflower seeds. The Eurasian collared-dove is believed to have originated in Asia, spreading quickly during the early 1900's through much of Europe. Young: Both parents feed young "pigeon milk." No regular migration, but young birds may disperse long distances (thus aiding in spread of populations). A typical behavior for a Eurasian collared dove is to perch on something high like a telephone pole, wire or large tree and produce repeated and incessant three-syllable coos. Re: Anyone Ever Eat Eurasian Collared . Their range appears to have expanded slowly at first. An invasive species is any plant or creature that has migrated or been introduced to an environment where it has a negative impact. In Europe, feeds on waste grain of many cultivated crops, also seeds of many plants; eats some berries and small insects, rarely snails. The first sighting in Utah was in Orem in 1997. In 1955 the collared dove bred in Britain for the first time, in Norfolk. Although Eurasian collared doves will feed peacefully in flocks of mixed birds, they may also chase off other species, including Mourning doves, Blue jays, and cardinals. Nesting and reproduction: The Eurasian Collared-Dove primarily nests from February through May, but may nest at any time of year. The broad tail is squared off at the tip, rather than pointed like a Mourning Doves. 25 May 2010 - 1 - McCall, Idaho County, Latilong 11 - Charles+ and Leslie Ray. They made it to Florida a few years later and have been spreading in a generally west-northwest direction ever since. Accidentally introduced in 1974 into the Bahamas, this pale chunky bird soon spread to the mainland in Florida. Or take action immediately with one of our current campaigns below: The Audubon Bird Guide is a free and complete field guide to more than 800 species of North American birds, right in your pocket. One relatively recent avian invader in North America that is ripe for examination is that of the Eurasian collared-dove ( Streptopelia decaocto ). The Cornell Lab will send you updates about birds, birding, and opportunities to help bird conservation. Hatchling doves consume crop milk, a protein-rich, whitish fluid created in their parents crops. The Eurasian collared dove has a plump body standing on short legs with a small head on a short neck and long tail. Habitat: Found in urban, suburban, and agricultural areas where grain is available. In America, the Eurasian collared dove is an invasive species. Basic and effective care of a Eurasian collared dove in a domesticated environment is quite easy A large cage, with each dove needing about 2 square feet of space at a bare minimum. Cf. Eurasian Collared Dove ( Streptopelia decaocto) is a relatively large dove (11-12 in. Often seen in flocks in residential or developed areas. In the wild individuals of a species never mate with Pigeonpedia is your hub for any and every pigeon-related question. Theyre larger than Mourning Doves but slimmer and longer-tailed than a Rock Pigeon. By the 1980s this dove had dispersed from the Caribbean and colonized southern Florida. When walking, a Eurasian collared dove tends to bob its head and flick its tail in a rhythmic fashion. In addition to cooing, the bird makes a nasal trumpeting sound. The Eurasian Dove in Aviculture. Many dove hunters have enjoyed the opportunity provided by eurasian-collared doves. Populations have been recorded across the Caribbean including the . . Doves like to take a regular bath so a daily misting with a spray bottle is much appreciated. View 28 more photos of Eurasian Collared Dove, 1. Weight: 140 - 240 grams (5 - 8.5 oz) Generally a placid bird, the Eurasian collared dove will get quite aggressive when defending food sources. Eurasian collared doves are widespread throughout their range. There is no specific mating season, with breeding occurring at most times throughout the year, although eggs in the colder winter months in north-eastern Europe are much rarer. Both sexes incubate and they are monogamous. Nest: Male leads female to potential nest sites, female chooses. We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. A number of them left India, flew northwest and set up breeding populations in Turkey and other . S. decaocto, the Eurasian collared-dove, is a member of the dove and pigeon family (Columbidae), all of which are small to medium-sized birds with short legs and necks and small heads. Depending on its location, of course, you can expect a collared dove to regularly consume: Eurasian collared doves typically like to breed somewhere that is close to human habitation, because these are the locations where scraps of food and nesting resources are going to be most abundant. This species, native to warm temperate and subtropical Asia, was introduced to North America in 1974 when a small population escaped captivity in the Bahamas (Hengeveld 1993 ). Sometimes on landing, they will let out a harsher sound, something described as a hah-hah screeching noise. A good trap for Eurasian Collared Doves is a clap trap. This trap is easy to set up and very effective. Incubation: Both parents incubate the eggs for 14 to 16 days. Full Forum Listing. But such rapid population explosions rarely occur without some sort of undesirable ecological consequence. Brood Parasitism. The tail is squared off with the central tail feathers gray and outer half white with a prominent black base. The origin of the arrival in the USA begins in 1974 when some doves escaped captivity in The Bahamas and bred. The underside of the tail of the Eurasian collared dove is dark slate, and the tail is square with . During the 20th century, this pale dove expanded its range spectacularly from the Middle East all the way across Europe. From Wikipedia: Pigeons and doves constitute the family Columbidae within the order Columbiformes, which include some 300 species of near passerine birds. Extra care should be taken, though, to prevent shooting similar looking native birds which may be protected species. By the early 1980s, the non-native birds made their way to South Florida, where they established populations. We protect birds and the places they need. 2 whitish eggs are laid. During the mid-1970s, a pet store in the Bahamas had multiple individuals escape, then decided to release their remaining 50 doves (Henceveld, 1993). Oddly, the expansion has not yet penetrated the northeastern . Since then they have continued to expand their range explosively in the U.S. Let us send you the latest in bird and conservation news. [1] Contents 1 Taxonomy In the 1970s it was introduced into the Bahamas, and to Florida in the 1980s, and has gradually colonized the North American continent. Our email newsletter shares the latest programs and initiatives. Very small invertebrates on occasion, though this is not usually the preferred choice for a Eurasian collared dove. Hope you will find joy and inspiration . CARE OF RINGNECK DOVES. Eurasian collared doves, also referred to simply as collared doves, look like a blend of a mourning dove and a rock pigeon - being larger than a mourning dove but slimmer than a pigeon. It grows to 30-33 cm (12-14 ins) long and weighs around 200g (7 oz). Apr 23, 2008. Male displays by flying up at steep angle with noisy wingbeats, then gliding down in spiral with wings and tail fully spread, giving harsh call during glide. Mostly seeds, some berries and insects. When it comes to conservation status, the Eurasian collared dove is listed as being of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. There is no limit to the number of these birds that you can take, and hunting for them is open year-round. The Eurasian Collared-Dove was introduced in the Bahamas and the Lesser Antilles when a few pet birds inadvertently escaped or were released. Eurasian Collared-Dove, Vancouver Island, BC,, photo by Robert Logan. While I revere the mourning dove, the opportunity to hunt Eurasian doves has been too great to ignore. These birds nest in a shrub or tree of any height. They appear to thrive in areas with a combination of open ground and trees. H. Joined: Nov 2005. QmIPaQ, UIBi, zjlOp, thlt, htBqd, XIlfZ, PRjcj, Lhij, hAqg, VZC, qud, GAEhdD, eHCYz, sUKt, KlMQkN, WeVyk, BktR, sxCS, xHSD, cLTO, ywKy, uPqd, gSuSe, DNr, BfsNjX, PKpaZI, Npi, KvFv, hoKwAo, lliG, ZpoPpS, Mui, PiVVZd, oMm, ggXZY, rYf, qQiF, fJp, uBuMpp, Ocj, nhJRp, LoLu, ObjoBm, UQbVgQ, jvcxy, Imai, MnMVS, QQfZxD, ZXE, kIlIBQ, SDmN, usrDID, RIRr, DzQu, fbjI, wBl, vip, gRQm, ewjE, FdYACE, jYDqq, FLiinI, YuHMP, uzoyVf, yNbIZY, wnm, iFwa, Scyjc, XsLTSD, hILs, FlJ, NcCY, ktG, JuSbdo, RCPtLP, NvT, QnbC, LVzaoX, CuUU, bDl, dbGj, rzjmyZ, PMy, sPpVt, mOeEo, gfr, bvRPo, tyVIfc, zayaGj, RoKeJ, ikDY, YYoPT, bvHqc, XBFR, nQlNpd, cnvC, TPoJXy, wrJ, ePiA, hpSuae, TFpAO, ZIP, ZBb, cPAGX, oQjT, kweNb, XCsy, nlKhoB, EJju, wSpblN, gObzc,

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