sanskrit drama characteristics

The commencement of a new act is often marked, by an introductorymonologueordialoguespoken by one or more of thedramatis person, and is calledViskambhakaorPraveshaka, which alludes to events supposed to have occurred in the interval, and the audience are prepared for national plenty and prosperity, addressed by one of the principal personages of the drama, to thefavorite deity. accept according action actors admitted appears assume attain audience bhsa brahmin cause century character clear clearly close dance death described desire dialogue doubtless drama dramatists. Sanskrit drama's golden period began in the 2nd century BCE and its end in the 10th century CE was marked by several foreign invasions and rulers that banned this art form, thus causing its decline. content: ' '; @media screen and (max-width:700px) { top: 0; } e.tabh = e.tabhide>=pw ? Explore the history of Sanskrit theatre, common characteristics defining the genre, and the two categories of Sanskrit theatre known as nataka and prakarana. }*/ Gambhirya or combination of pride and strength Dhairya or courageous. Many of the Sanskrit dramas include stage directions, which seem to support the above hypothesis. Thus the rasa or the sentiment was conveyed not only by word but also through facial expressions, symbolic gestures and other stylised body language. Total theatre- synthesis of production elements (Sanskrit) > acting was careful blend of voice, body, emotions, costume, and makeup > emphasis placed on actor and text > use of general sign language (Mudra) > verbal symbolism > musical accompaniment Early Chinese Theatre Influenced by Chinese gov't which included: > centralized imperial system top:20px !important; The Sanskrit dramas cover a wide range of subjects and types of play. The Rasarajalaksmi Author: Vishnudeva 14th century A.D. Many of the plays, however, embody a Taoist mysticism that runs counter to Confucian influence. The foundations of Sanskrit theatre were likely developed in Vedic and religious ceremonies, then refined over centuries. } The villain of the play is called pratinayaka. .team__person .box { Prakarana plays had middle-class protagonists, generally a merchant or minister for the hero, and a courtesan as the heroine. The Rasendrasarasangraha Author: Gopalakrishna 14th Century A.D. What was Sanskrit drama based on? .inner-calendar .dp_pec_date_event_wrap.dp_pec_columns_1:nth-child(odd) { Postmodernism, bell hooks & Systems of Oppression. width: 100%; } } height:50px; Sanskrit theatre refers to the dramatic traditions of ancient India that were based in the Sanskrit language. We've got you covered with our map collection. The nations of Europe possessed no dramatic literature before the fourteenth or fifteenth century, at which period the Hindu drama had passed into its decline. Venisa sarthavahah (Merchant of Venice) - Ananta Tripathi arma 1969 2. The characters are surrounded by Nature, with which they are in constant communion. Need a reference? The English drama took its rise from the mysteries or sacred plays by the medium of which the clergy in the Middle Ages endeavored to impart a knowledge of the Christian religion. } /* background: #f7f7f7; */ Only when the king sees the ring he has given to the girl does he again remember their love. It is believed that the theatre houses in which the Sanskrit dramas were performed were rather small because abhinaya, or the mimetic acting style, with its facial expressions and eye movements had to be seen close-up. var m = pw>(e.gw[ix]+e.tabw+e.thumbw) ? This makes Sanskrit theatre one of the oldest continually performed styles in the world. top:auto !important; content: ' '; Absance of tragedy Sanskrit drama never has a sad ending. /* body.page-id-44058 .main-navigation.herald-menu, body.page-id-44058 .herald-nav-toggle, body.page-id-44058 #sticky-header { The play moves freely from the deep forest to the urban palace and from the earth to different levels of the heavens. The form entered a golden age under Kalidasa, who is widely regarded as the greatest writer of Sanskrit drama. They also indicate that some stage props may have been used. font-size:22px !important; e.gw = Array.isArray(e.gw) ? top:0 !important; /*color: red;*/ The history of India is one of the grand epics of world history - "a bundle of contradictions held together by strong but invisible threads". width:48% !important; The Sanskrit drama is a mixed composition in which joy is mingled with sorrow, in which the jester usuallyplays a prominent part, while the hero and heroine are often in the depths of despair. He states that the three essential elements , on which the Dramas are based and classified, are : the Vastu (subject-matter) ; the Neta (the leading character- the Hero) ; and , the Rasa (the sentiment it portrays ) . See also Sanskrit literature; Chinese literature; Japanese literature; and drama, Western. Brahma-sphuta-siddhant of Brahmagupta, treats the astronomy more elaborately and more methodically. Next, the director or stage manager would introduce the play, its author, and generally its themes (often in a dialogue with an actor). Desire versus duty was the standard conflict in many of the Sanskrit dramas, as it has, indeed, been in many Western and Chinese dramas too. } content: ' '; transform: rotateY(-180deg); Arya Siddhanta of Aryabhata IInd, is a voluminous work on astronomy. width:auto; Siddhantshiromani of Bhaskaracharya is divided into four parts Lilavati, the Bijganita, the Grahaganitadhyaya and the Goladhyaya. * Appreciation of the . max-width:100%; 0 : parseInt(e.thumbh); height:auto; Title of the Paper--- Drama and Dramatic Literature 2. Sanskrit was also used as the medium for composing treatises of various philosophical schools, as well as works on logic, astronomy, and mathematics. background-size: 100%; left: 0; (Translation by E. B. Eastwick). One thing that makes Sanskrit theatre very unique is that this conclusion was almost always happy. transform: rotateY(-180deg); .inner-calendar .dp_pec_wrapper .dp_pec_content, .inner-calendar .pec_skin_light.dp_pec_wrapper { .inner-calendar .dp_pec_event_description_more { Sanskrit Drama. These dramas are mainly based on love which is essential to all human beings. Nidansthan, on the eight principal ailments, Vimansthan, on tastes, food, general pathology, and medical stadium. top: 0; .team__person_active.team__person_10 .top-box:before, .team__person.team__person_10:hover .top-box:before { } */ for (var i in nl) if (sl>nl[i] && nl[i]>0) { sl = nl[i]; ix=i;} The language of Sanskrit drama alternates between prose and lyric poetry. Ancient Roman Theatre Facts & Importance | What is Ancient Roman Theatre? The first writer to develop fully formed plays was the intellectual Bhasa, who lived around the third to fourth century CE. text-transform:none !important; But classical structure, form, and style of acting and . In ancient times, Sanskrit dramas were staged at . To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Weapons, seats, thrones, and chariots appeared on the stage; but it is highly improbable that the latter were drawn by the living animals supposed to be attached to them. The main types of character include the noble hero, nayaka, often a prince or a king, and the heroine, nayika. Every Sanskrit play begins with a prologue or introduction, which opens with a prayer nandi and ends with Bharata vakya. or Dharma.? [3]Its drama is regarded as the highest achievement of Sanskrit literature. left: 0; /* background: black; */ position: absolute; } In order for any piece to be qualified as `drama ', it must include the majority of these elements. * Major Authors and major texts in Sanskrit Drama. left: 0; Tejas or charismatic. These plays, mostly invented by their authors, are called prakranas. Other characteristics of sanskrit drama 2 dominant. .team__person_old .top-box { position: absolute; The Clown or the jester character in the play was called as Vidushaka. height: 100%; .inner-calendar .dp_pec_wrapper .dp_pec_content .dp_pec_columns_1 .dp_pec_date_event.dp_pec_date_event_has_image .dp_pec_date_event_image, .inner-calendar .dp_pec_wrapper .dp_pec_content .dp_pec_date_event.dp_pec_date_event_has_image.dp_pec_columns_1 .dp_pec_date_event_image { Greek Tragedy Plays & Characteristics | What Is a Greek Tragedy? .home-explore input { Sutrasthan, that in general describes means of healing, diet, duities of a physician etc. Drawing upon a large corpus of Greek and Indian plays, their tonality that expresses their general attitude to life on earth, their views towards human passions and their standpoints regarding the finality of death, the author responds to the question why Sanskrit drama does . Fredric Rozane, was a German Scholar, who edited and translated some parts of the Rigveda into German in 1830. There were no special theatres in theHindu Middle Ages, andplaysseem to have been performed in the concert-room (Sangita-Cala) of royal palaces. Indian Theatre | Drama, Origin & Characteristics, Emily and Charlotte Bronte: Sisters and Authors, A Bend in the River: Summary, Characters & Analysis, East & Southeast Asian Theatre: History & Overview, African Theatre & Dance: History & Overview. Nor may any deeply tragic incident take place in the course of the play; for death is never allowed to be represented on the stage. position:relative !important; background:none !important; Sanskrit theatre developed around the second century CE by the early playwright Asvaghosa, a Buddhist monk, and later, circa third or fourth century CE, by Bhasa, who helped define the themes, aesthetics, and formulas that would shape Sanskrit theatre. background: #D9500B; for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gw[i]===undefined || e.gw[i]===0) e.gw[i] = e.gw[i-1]; Kathakali Dance Origins & Characteristics | What is Kathakali Dance? e.tabhide = e.tabhide===undefined ? transform: rotateY(-180deg); width:50px; While visiting the heavens, the king meets Shakuntala and their son and they are finally reunited (synopsis of the play Shakuntala). The earliest extant critical work on Sanskrit drama is attributed to Bharata, the legendary formulator of the dramatic art in India. .inner-calendar .dp_pec_date_event_wrap.dp_pec_columns_1:nth-child(even) { Uthika (Romeo & Juliet) - Revaprasad Dvivedi 1978 5. It also deals with astronomical instruments and description of the seasons. Another type is represented by Mrcchakatika, attributed to the legendary King Sudraka, which concerns ordinary people and is profuse in exciting, melodramatic incident. B. Keith says, Sanskrit drama had an indigenous origin and growth, and, of course, in technique and ideology, the Indian drama is something totally different from the Hellenic. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you } The author begins with certain questions related to the human condition at the core of Greek tragedy and Sanskrit drama. Who was Sandrocottus: Samudragupta or Chandragupta Maurya? The Pacatantra ("Treatise in Five Chapters") and Hitopadea ("Beneficial Instruction") are major representatives of didactic literature. m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) Then generally follows a dialogue between the stage-manager and one or two of the actors, which refers to the play and its author, mentions past events andpresent circumstances elucidating theplot, and invariably ends by adroitly introducing one of the dramatic personages, and the real performance begins. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. These heroic dramas, often with plots derived from tradition, are called natakas. if (el!==null && el) { color: #000; .home-explore input { Copyright 2022 Central Sanskrit University, The Central Sanskrit Universities Act, 2020. top: 0; Sanskrit theatre refers to ancient Indian theatrical traditions based on the Sanskrit language. color: #000; transform: rotateY(-180deg); These form the transition to the fully developed Sanskrit play in which lyrics and dialogues are blended. Drama, though single, is a mainfold On the other hand, the shrewdness of the heroines confidantes never seem to fail them under the most trying circumstances; while their sly jokes and innuendos, their love of fun, their girlish sympathy with the progress of the love-affair, their warm affection for their friend, heighten the interest of the plot, and contribute not a little to vary its monotony. display:none !important; A number of influential playwrights followed, but perhaps none was more renowned than Kalidasa, widely regarded as the greatest writer of Sanskrit drama. The characters of the Sanskrit dramas are types rather than individuals. Indeed, some plays are almost totally concerned with the supernatural (Kalidasa's Vikramorvasi) while others treat political and historical topics (Kalidasa's Malavikagnimitra). Answer (1 of 2): Epic means ++ (It might have happened like this) itihasa iti =like this ha aasa =happened . } In both, characters came from a range of classes, reflecting the full texture of Indian society. Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys | Summary, Themes, & Characters, Uncle Vanya by Anton Chekhov | Summary, Characters & Analysis. .team__person_active .top-box, .team__person:hover .top-box { padding-right: 30px; } Ratnavali is a complicated intrigue set in harem by the poet Harsha, while Bhavabhuti is known for his Ramayana-derived play, The Latter Story of Rama, and a love story, Malati and Madhava. Sanskrit drama is part of Sanskrit literature, the classical literature of India, which flourished from about 1500 BC to about AD 1100. .team__person_active .top-box, .team__person:hover .top-box { ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabh); Although very ancient, many of these plays established foundations that would. Surprisingly, he may even be a highborn Brahman. } Although very ancient, many of these plays established foundations that would influence Indian literature, culture, and drama for millennia. He wrote a number of influential plays that established the art form as a celebrated part of Indian high culture. } */ A fusion of music, dance, drama, stylized speech, and spectacle, folk theatre is a composite art form with deep roots in local identity and native culture. } Issue Date: 1969 Publisher: Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi Description: The present article is about the Sanskrit drama from the ancient time to the modern world. The first and second part are related to Mathematics. background-size:100%; Siva bisected it in his own person which is made one with Uma. width:100%; The troupes included various professionals, from minor actors to make-up assistants, stage technicians, musicians and the conductor of the orchestra. height: 100%; var nl = new Array(e.rl.length), However, owing to a magic trick, the king forgets Shakuntala, and she is taken to the heavens, where she gives birth to the kings son. if (el!==null && el) el.style.height = newh+"px"; 0 : e.thumbw; There were rude performances without the contrivances of stage and scenic arrangements, dancing and music forming a considerable part. ga('create', 'UA-46768894-1', 'auto'); [1] The Mahbhya by Patajali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of Sanskrit drama. Language Sanskrit Paper- IV Max.marks-100 1. .widget-title span, .herald-mod-title .herald-color { } /*border:1px solid #b76e22; */ e.tabw = e.tabhide>=pw ? but a close examination of classical sanskrit criticism reveals that embodied in its highly condensed and elliptical treatments of genre there are attempts to evolve a general theory; furthermore, implicit in these misleadingly simple discussions is a degree of sophistication and universality comparable to that which is generally recognized in 3 The managing, guiding, or leading man (of a company or body generally). Published by B. Banerjee & Co., 25, Cornwallis Street, and 54, College Street, Calcutta. width: 100%; Theodar Benfey (1909-81), translated 130 Suktas of Ist Mandala of the Rigveda into German. } window.RSIW = window.RSIW===undefined ? It inspired operas and ballets, among them Marius Petipas ballet La Bayadre. The Natyasastra provides an elaborate description on the four kinds of abhinayas . .home-explore button { Thus he can be a close friend or a personal servant of the hero. cursor: pointer; body.page-id-44058 #sticky-header { But it never has a sad ending. } THE DRAMA SANSKRIT in TS its Origin, Development Theory& Practice BY A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Lirv. Sanskrit is a standardized dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit as early as 1700-1200 BCE. rasa. margin-top:0; } } French Scene in Plays Definition & History | What is a French Scene? background:none !important The alternation of languages as well as prose and verse widens the scale of linguistic expression from high to low, from noble to vulgar, and anything in between. } overflow:hidden; /* border:1px solid #f7f7f7; */ The main types of character include the noble hero, nayaka, often a prince or a king, and the heroine, nayika. } It is also one of the very first Sanskrit works ever translated into English. Few Sanskrit plays survive, perhaps due to the limited size of their exclusively aristocratic audience as well as to their antiquity. The earliest-surviving fragments of Sanskrit drama date from the 1st century CE. Sanskrit is not restricted to Hindu compositions. Sanskrit theatre is a broad term for the ancient theatrical traditions of India, written in Sanskrit, an ancient language of India. right:0; See more Encyclopedia articles on: Asian Literature. He translated the Shukla Yajurveda Samhita\'s Ninth and Tenth Chapters into Latin and its 16th chapter into German. That work, the Na ya-sastra (c.2d cent. left: 0; .herald-boxed #header .hel-l { Title of the Text --- KarnaBharam of Bhasa 70 3. var el = document.getElementById(e.c); Shakuntala tells about the love of King Dusyanta and a beautiful girl, Shakuntala, who is the foster daughter of a forest hermit (and, in fact, of semi-divine origin). width: 100%; 0 : e.tabw; } There is no chance for a person on earth to stay happy forever or to stay sad forever because this is life. 79 lessons, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | #rev_slider_1_1_forcefullwidth { align-items: center; The Vedas are dated by different scholars from 6500 B.C. text-align: center; } background:url(https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/15.png) no-repeat center center; The other kinds of plays that were common were prakarana. Keywords: Sanskrit drama Sanskrit literature. .team__person_active.team__person_7 .top-box:before, .team__person.team__person_7:hover .top-box:before { (Who?) (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ Indian history can be characterized as a work in progress, a continuous process of reinvention that can eventually prove elusive for those seeking to grasp its essential character. to 1500 B.C. } Love is the main theme of most of the dramas and vidushak is the constant companion of the hero in his love affairs. The Rasendracudamani Author: Somadeva 12th century A.D. Bharatmuni's Natyashastra is the earliest and great . the primary is that the "origin" (mukha), which states the seeds or the start of the plot; the second is that the "incident" (pratimukha), which develops the plotline further by showing both good and pw = pw===0 || isNaN(pw) ? .team__person_active .top-box img, .team__person:hover .top-box img { el.style.height = newh+"px"; Nataka plays had a tendency to jump between material and divine realms seamlessly, rejecting any sense of consistent space. According to the code of criticism laid down in works onSanskrit drama, it should deal principally either with the sentiment of love, or the heroic sentiment; the other sentiments should have a subsidiary position. In Sanskrit, the verbal adjective sskta-is a compound word consisting of s ('together, good, well, perfected') and kta-('made, formed, work'). He prepared the German translation of the Rigveda, titled Der Rigveda with 230 important Suktas of the Atharvaveda translated into Germany. content: ' '; console.log("Failure at Presize of Slider:" + e) text-align:left !important; These "heroic dramas", often with plots derived from tradition . flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? top: 0; Chinese drama is more social and less concerned with romantic love than is the Sanskrit. top: 0; } His known works include three lengthy narrative poems, and three plays: Malavika and Agnimitra, Urvasi Won by Valour, and the famous Shakuntala (also The Recognition of Shakuntala). The authorship of this work dates back to as far as at least the 1st . Sanskrit. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. The fundamental characteristics of a Sanskrit drama 1. //}); height: 100%; width:100%; width: 100%; /* body.page-id-44058 img { All rights reserved. Griffith 1828-1906, was the first and the last after H. H. Wilson, who translated the whole text of the Rigveda into English. As the Sanskrit drama grew, acting became a masterpiece of performance patterns, creating a sophisticated code comprised of 13 head movements, 36 eye movements, 7 eyebrow movements, 6 cheeks movements, 6 nose movements, 9 neck movements 5 chest movements 24 movements for each hand, and 36 movements for the legs. It is possible, however, that different types of dramas employed different acting styles. One of the most important 20th century interpretations was by the Polish theatre guru, Grotowski. The foremost drama genre centred on the character of a noble hero. Mahkvya (lit. position: relative; background:url(https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/5.png) no-repeat center center; [4] Sanskrit drama utilised stock characters, such as the hero ( nayaka ), heroine ( nayika ), or clown ( vidusaka ). But, in the last act, harmony is always restored, order succeeds to disorder, tranquillity to agitation; and the mind of the spectator, no longer perplexed by the apparent ascendancy of evil, is soothed, and purified, and made to acquiesce in the moral lesson deducible from the plot. The word natyashastra also refers to a global category of literature encompassing this ancient Indian tradition of dramatic performance. Lady, do thou prepare the funeral rites; but I, O Zeus, stretching out my hand to heaven, call on thee to help these children, if such be thy intention; for soon will any aid of thine be unavailing; and yet thou hast been oft invoked; my toil is wasted; death seems inevitable. Arthaprakrutis are the steps of that gradual process. Itihasas The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are historical events. With true feminine delicacy, however, she locks the secret of her passion in her own breast, and by her coyness and reserve keeps her lover for a long period in the agonies of suspense. background-color: #FFF; The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action", which is derived from "to do" or "to act". left: 0; background-size:100%; It's the only way you can find many of these traditional plays performed today. 2. google_ad_client: "ca-pub-8969845384279098", It is known that Jayadeva wrote it to be danced as a kind of offering to Lord Krishna. }; The earliest references to the acted drama are to be found in the Mahabhashya, which mentions representations of the Kansabadha and the Balibadha, episodes in the history ofKrishna. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. .team__person_old .top-box { Mohammedan literature has ever been a stranger to theatrical writings, and the Mussalman conquerors of India could not have communicated what they never possessed. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); .home-subscribe { The hero, who is generally a king, and already the husband of a wife or wives, is suddenly smitten with the charms of a lovely woman, sometimes a nymph, or, as in the case ofSakuntala, the daughter of a nymph by a mortal father. As a token of his love, the king gives Shakuntala a ring. The first is the " origin " ( mukha ), which states the seeds or the beginning of the plot The second is the " incident " ( pratimukha ), which develops the plotline further by showing both good and bad events background: #f7f7f7; The Sharngadharasamhita Author: Sharngadhara 14th century A.D. To study the language diversity in ancient Indian society from the evidence of Sanskrit Drama 2. Classical Sanskrit theatre flourished during the first nine centuries ce. They usually consist of four-line stanzas. So what exactly was Sanskrit theatre like? Ancient Indian playwrights and audiences recognized a number of genres within Sanskrit theatre, but for the most part, we can organize them into two categories. I feel like its a lifeline. color:#444444; This is essential to how Sanskrit theatre was meant to be experienced; it was written for highly educated audiences who could simultaneously derive pleasure from theatre, and detach themselves from their own emotions enough to understand why they feel that way. height: 100%; position: absolute; They may have included various weapons, chariots etc, although it is also possible that these could have been indicated by movements and symbolic hand gestures. font-size:15px; The Rasaprakasa-sudhakara Author: Yasodhara 13th century A.D. The representations of dramas of early times were attended with dancing and gesticulation. newh = Math.max(e.mh,window.RSIH); While Koodiyattam is a regional style, you can find these groups performing works by Kalidasa, Bhasa, and other great writers of Sanskrit theatre. display:none !important; I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. max-width:100%; } Pages 13 This preview shows page 10 - 13 out of 13 pages. background:url(https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/3.1.png) no-repeat center center; padding-left:30px; Brush up on your geography and finally learn what countries are in Eastern Europe with our maps. newh; Either the celestial nature of the nymph is in the way of their union, or he doubts the legality of the match, or he fears his own unworthiness, or he is hampered by the angry jealousy of a previous wife. Prominent everywhere in classical Sanskrit poetry, these elements of Nature luxuriate most of all in the drama. } This is probably the only play of Kalidasa where the vidusaka and the nayika do not meet. The earliest-known Sanskrit playwright was Bhasa (c.3d cent. padding-right:30px; Likely compiled in the third century CE, the Natyashrata described the philosophy and ideologies of Sanskrit theatre, laid out the types of plots, and described performance traditions. So can you see Sanskrit theatre today? One of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial documentation exists, Sanskrit is believed to have been the general language of the greater Indian Subcontinent in ancient times. Koodiyattam is performed in Sanskrit and reflects a theatrical tradition that may be 2,000 years old. Cast: A cast is includes every person who played any character in the drama. text-align: center; A curtain, divided in the middle, was a necessary part of the stage arrangement; it did not, however, separate the audience from the stage, as in theRoman theatre, but formed the back-ground of the stage. background:url(https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/7.png) no-repeat center center; width: 100%; Bhakti poems are most often simply sung while a solo dancer enacts the poem . } It is believed that he belonged to the priestly Brahman caste and that he lived in North India at some time during the late 4th to mid 5th centuries AD, that is, during the classical Gupta Period. They give way to melancholy, indulge in amorous rhapsodies, and become very emaciated. A Shakuntala manuscript was found in a monastery in coastal China, indicating close cultural ties between China and India. An error occurred trying to load this video. } The emotions of terror, grief, or pity, with which the audience are inspired, are therefore always tranquillised by the . .team__person .box { position:relative; MODULE II * Plays of Bhasa - its style and characteristics. height: 100%; background:#D9500B; That work, the Na ya-sastra (c.2d cent. SANSKRIT THEATER - SANSKRIT DRAMA: THEORYAN OVERVIEW:Sanskrit drama is highly stylized in terms of execution. Shakuntala is probably the most frequently performed Asian play in the West. 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